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Domain reputation check

The domain and its addresses on threat-intel, malware, phishing and botnet lists.

Last reviewed

Weight in the score

15%

One of six modules, scoring policy v2.1.0

Sources

  • AlienVault OTXLicence key
  • URLhausLicence key
  • Google Safe BrowsingLicence key
  • AbuseIPDBLicence key
  • ThreatFoxLicence key
  • Feodo Tracker
  • abuse.ch SSLBL
  • Phishing.Database

Sources that need a licence key are shown as not checked when no key is set up.

Security teams, mail filters and browsers all consult threat intelligence. If your domain or the addresses it runs on appear there, your mail may be rejected, your site may be blocked, and the listing may point to something already wrong.

We check the domain and its resolved addresses across threat-intelligence pulses, malware-distribution and phishing lists, botnet command-and-control blocklists, IP abuse reports and indicator databases. Recent and active listings are scored above historical ones.

Several of these sources need a licence key. When a key is not configured, that source is reported as not checked. It is never treated as a clean result.

Findings this module can raise

Every finding in a report says what was tested, why it matters, the impact and how to fix it. These are the findings this module can raise, most serious first. Terms are explained in the glossary.

Criticalseverity 90 to 100

  • 95

    Critical IP abuse: high confidenceNeeds a licence key

    AbuseIPDB aggregates community reports of malicious IP addresses

    How to fix it: If the listed IPs are yours, audit outbound traffic and authentication logs for compromise. Rotate the IPs where possible; for shared/cloud IPs, work with your provider to clean the IP reputation or migrate to a different IP block.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    AbuseIPDB IP abuse confidence scoring
    Impact
    High abuse scores indicate the domain uses IPs associated with spam, malware, or attacks
  • 95

    Active botnet command-and-control detected

    Feodo Tracker records IPs serving as command-and-control for banking trojans and loaders such as Emotet, Dridex, TrickBot and QakBot. An "online" entry means the C2 was responding recently.

    How to fix it: Treat as a live incident. Isolate the host, capture volatile evidence before rebuilding, and hunt for the associated malware family across the estate. Do not simply re-image and return the IP to service without finding the initial access route.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    Resolved IP addresses, checked against the Feodo Tracker botnet C2 list
    Impact
    An active C2 on your address space means attacker-controlled infrastructure is running there. Traffic to it is blocked by many security products, and the IP will be widely blacklisted.
  • 90

    Domain flagged by Google Safe BrowsingNeeds a licence key

    Google has classified this domain as dangerous. Safe Browsing is not a reputation score or a heuristic: a listing means Google's systems observed harmful content being served.

    How to fix it: Open Google Search Console and check Security Issues for the property; it names what was found and where. Remove the content, then find how it got there: usually an outdated CMS plugin, a compromised admin account, or a writable upload directory. Only then request a review. Requesting review without fixing the cause results in a faster re-listing.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    The domain, submitted to the Google Safe Browsing lookup API
    Impact
    Chrome, Firefox and Safari together show a full-page red interstitial to the overwhelming majority of web users. Gmail and most corporate mail filters block links to the domain. In practice the site is unreachable for normal visitors until the listing clears.
  • 90

    Domain flagged for phishing by Google Safe BrowsingNeeds a licence key

    Google has observed this domain hosting a page designed to trick visitors into surrendering credentials or personal information.

    How to fix it: Treat this as a compromise until proven otherwise: a phishing page on your domain means someone else could write files to it. Take the content offline, rotate all credentials for the host and CMS, review file-upload paths and any recently modified files, then request a review through Search Console.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    The domain, checked against Google Safe Browsing's social-engineering list
    Impact
    Browsers block the site with a deceptive-site warning, and the domain's sending reputation collapses: mail from it will be rejected or spam-filtered even after the page is gone. If the phishing content impersonates a third party, expect their legal team as well.
  • 80 to 90

    Domain flagged as malicious by AlienVault OTXNeeds a licence key

    OTX pulses contain threat intelligence about malware, phishing, and malicious activity

    How to fix it: Investigate the linked OTX pulses to determine whether the listing reflects past compromise, hosting-neighborhood reputation, or an active threat. Engage your SOC to scan internal logs for matching indicators, rotate any infrastructure (IPs, certificates) that appears in malicious pulses, and file a clearance request with AlienVault if the listing is stale.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    AlienVault OTX pulse analysis
    Impact
    High pulse counts indicate active malicious activity or infrastructure used by threat actors
  • 90

    Domain actively hosting malwareNeeds a licence key

    URLhaus tracks malicious URLs used for malware distribution

    How to fix it: If the listed URLs point to your infrastructure, assume compromise: pull the affected pages, audit web-server access logs, and rebuild from clean images. Submit takedown requests to your hosting provider, then request URLhaus delisting once the malicious content is removed and verified clean.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    URLhaus malware distribution analysis
    Impact
    Active malware distribution indicates compromised infrastructure
  • 90

    Domain listed as confirmed phishing

    Phishing.Database aggregates confirmed phishing hostnames from multiple public reporting sources. A listing means this exact hostname was reported hosting a phishing page.

    How to fix it: Find and remove the phishing content: it is commonly an abandoned CMS plugin or a compromised upload directory. Once removed, request delisting from the upstream reporters, and audit for the web-shell or credential that allowed the upload.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    The domain and its registrable apex, checked against the Phishing.Database aggregated feed
    Impact
    Listed domains are blocked by browsers, mail gateways and security proxies. If this is your production domain, legitimate mail and traffic will be rejected.

Highseverity 70 to 89

  • 88

    High-Risk threat categories identifiedNeeds a licence key

    Tags like "malware", "phishing", "ransomware" indicate specific threat types

    How to fix it: Map the listed tags to your existing detection coverage. If phishing or credential-theft appears, run a phishing-simulation campaign and verify Safe Links / URL-rewriting policies are active; if ransomware or c2, audit network egress filtering and EDR alerting on those indicators.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    OTX pulse tag classification
    Impact
    High-risk tags show association with serious cyber threats
  • 88

    Recent malware indicator matchNeeds a licence key

    ThreatFox aggregates IOCs contributed by researchers and sandboxes. A recent entry means the indicator was seen in live malware activity within the last 30 days.

    How to fix it: Identify the named malware family and check your telemetry for related indicators. If the infrastructure is yours, treat it as compromised and rebuild; if it is a hosting neighbour, weigh migrating away from the address.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    Domain and resolved IPs, checked against ThreatFox indicators of compromise
    Impact
    Recent IOC activity indicates infrastructure currently used in an attack chain. Security tooling that ingests ThreatFox will act on it.
  • 85

    Domain flagged for malware by Google Safe BrowsingNeeds a licence key

    Google observed this domain distributing malware: either files served directly, or script that redirects visitors to an exploit kit.

    How to fix it: Assume the server is compromised, not merely hosting a bad file. Take it offline, preserve logs before rebuilding, and restore from a known-good backup rather than deleting the file you found. Identify the initial access route, outdated plugin, stolen credential, exposed admin panel, before returning it to service, then request a Search Console review.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    The domain, checked against Google Safe Browsing's malware list
    Impact
    Visitors are blocked by every major browser, and anyone who visited before the listing may already be infected. If your customers were the visitors, you have a notification problem as well as a hosting one.
  • 85

    Recent threat activity detectedNeeds a licence key

    Recent threat activity suggests ongoing malicious operations

    How to fix it: Treat as a potential active incident. Review the most recent pulse details to identify the campaign, scan internal logs for matching IOCs (IPs, file hashes, URLs), and trigger your incident-response runbook if any internal asset matches.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    OTX pulse date analysis
    Impact
    Recent pulses indicate active threat campaigns targeting or using this domain
  • 85

    High IP abuse riskNeeds a licence key

    AbuseIPDB aggregates community reports of malicious IP addresses

    How to fix it: If the listed IPs are yours, audit outbound traffic and authentication logs for compromise. Rotate the IPs where possible; for shared/cloud IPs, work with your provider to clean the IP reputation or migrate to a different IP block.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    AbuseIPDB IP abuse confidence scoring
    Impact
    High abuse scores indicate the domain uses IPs associated with spam, malware, or attacks
  • 80

    Domain flagged for unwanted software by GoogleNeeds a licence key

    Unwanted software includes malware, potentially unwanted programs, and security risks

    How to fix it: Open Google Search Console → Security Issues for the affected property to see what content was flagged. Remove the offending scripts, ads, or downloads, then request a review through Search Console: turnaround is typically 24–72 hours.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    Google Safe Browsing unwanted software detection
    Impact
    Google has flagged this domain as hosting or distributing unwanted software
  • 70 to 75

    Domain appears in multiple threat intelligence pulsesNeeds a licence key

    Appearing in five or more independent threat-intelligence reports is a pattern, not a coincidence, even without an explicit malicious flag on any single one.

    How to fix it: Review the pulses for a common theme: one malware family, one campaign, one hosting range. If they cluster on a shared IP rather than the domain itself, the practical fix is moving to dedicated infrastructure. If they cluster on the domain, investigate what was hosted there historically.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    The number of distinct OTX pulses referencing this domain
    Impact
    Sustained researcher attention usually means the infrastructure has been involved in something, or sits in a range that repeatedly is. Downstream security tooling weights repeated sightings heavily.
  • 75

    Domain listed in URLhaus malware databaseNeeds a licence key

    URLhaus tracks URLs used to distribute malware. This domain appears in it, though the listed URLs are no longer serving content: so this is a historical listing rather than an active one.

    How to fix it: Confirm the listed URLs are genuinely gone and that you understand how they got there: a cleaned file with an unpatched vulnerability behind it will simply be re-listed. Once the site is clean and the cause fixed, abuse.ch accepts delisting requests.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    The domain, checked against the URLhaus malware-URL database (abuse.ch)
    Impact
    Historical listings continue to appear in threat feeds and blocklists long after the content is gone, which affects mail deliverability and link reputation. It also indicates the site was compromised at some point, and the route in may never have been closed.
  • 75

    Moderate IP abuse activityNeeds a licence key

    AbuseIPDB aggregates community reports of malicious IP addresses

    How to fix it: If the listed IPs are yours, audit outbound traffic and authentication logs for compromise. Rotate the IPs where possible; for shared/cloud IPs, work with your provider to clean the IP reputation or migrate to a different IP block.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    AbuseIPDB IP abuse confidence scoring
    Impact
    High abuse scores indicate the domain uses IPs associated with spam, malware, or attacks
  • 70

    Domain uses TOR exit nodeNeeds a licence key

    TOR exit nodes can be used to hide malicious activity behind anonymity

    How to fix it: If you do not knowingly run TOR services, audit any infrastructure resolving to TOR-exit IPs: this often indicates DNS misconfiguration or third-party hosting drift. Restrict admin endpoints to non-TOR sources via WAF, geo-blocking, or anonymizer-detection rules where appropriate.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    TOR exit node detection
    Impact
    TOR usage may indicate attempts to conceal attack origins or command infrastructure
  • 70

    IP previously hosted botnet C2

    The IP appears in Feodo Tracker but is no longer marked online. It hosted botnet command-and-control at some point.

    How to fix it: Confirm whether the IP was yours at the time of listing. If it was, verify the host was rebuilt rather than just cleaned. If it was a previous tenant, consider requesting a different address, and monitor for lingering blocklist entries.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    Resolved IP addresses, checked against the Feodo Tracker botnet C2 list
    Impact
    Historical C2 hosting damages IP reputation and can cause mail and traffic to be rejected long after cleanup. On shared or recycled cloud IPs it may reflect a previous tenant rather than you.
  • 70

    Domain listed in ThreatFox IOC databaseNeeds a licence key

    The domain or one of its IPs is recorded in ThreatFox as an indicator of compromise, though not within the recent window.

    How to fix it: Review the associated malware family and confirm the underlying issue was resolved. Where the listing is stale and the infrastructure is clean, request removal via abuse.ch.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    Domain and resolved IPs, checked against ThreatFox indicators of compromise
    Impact
    Historical IOC listings continue to appear in threat feeds and can trigger alerts or blocks at customers and partners who consume them.

Mediumseverity 40 to 69

  • 65

    Frequent IP abuse reportsNeeds a licence key

    Multiple abuse reports from different sources increase credibility

    How to fix it: Investigate which behavior triggered the reports (brute-force, scanning, mail abuse). Rate-limit and audit the affected services, file a counter-report or whitelist request with AbuseIPDB if the reports are erroneous, and rotate the IP if reputation cannot be cleared.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    AbuseIPDB report frequency analysis
    Impact
    Frequent reports suggest persistent malicious activity on this IP address
  • 60

    Low IP abuse activityNeeds a licence key

    AbuseIPDB aggregates community reports of malicious IP addresses

    How to fix it: If the listed IPs are yours, audit outbound traffic and authentication logs for compromise. Rotate the IPs where possible; for shared/cloud IPs, work with your provider to clean the IP reputation or migrate to a different IP block.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    AbuseIPDB IP abuse confidence scoring
    Impact
    High abuse scores indicate the domain uses IPs associated with spam, malware, or attacks
  • 55

    Domain appears in threat intelligence databaseNeeds a licence key

    One or two sightings. Frequently benign: well-known domains appear in pulses simply as examples, and researchers publish indicator lists that sweep up legitimate infrastructure alongside malicious.

    How to fix it: Check the pulse to confirm it is incidental: a passing mention, a test domain, or a shared IP. No action is needed if so. Worth a second look only if the pulse describes activity you cannot account for.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    The number of distinct OTX pulses referencing this domain
    Impact
    Low. This is recorded for completeness rather than because it demands action, and it is scored accordingly.
  • 55

    Shared hosting IP associated with phishing

    One of the IPs serving this domain also serves domains reported for phishing. On shared hosting and large cloud ranges this frequently reflects a neighbouring tenant rather than you, which is why this finding carries reduced confidence and a low weight.

    How to fix it: Confirm whether the IP is dedicated to you. If it is, the phishing content is yours to remove. If it is shared, raise it with the hosting provider and consider a dedicated IP for anything that sends mail.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    Resolved IP addresses, checked against the Phishing.Database IP feed
    Impact
    Shared-IP reputation can spill over: mail deliverability and URL reputation may suffer because of activity you do not control.
  • 40

    Minimal IP abuse reportsNeeds a licence key

    AbuseIPDB aggregates community reports of malicious IP addresses

    How to fix it: If the listed IPs are yours, audit outbound traffic and authentication logs for compromise. Rotate the IPs where possible; for shared/cloud IPs, work with your provider to clean the IP reputation or migrate to a different IP block.

    What was tested and the impact
    What was tested
    AbuseIPDB IP abuse confidence scoring
    Impact
    High abuse scores indicate the domain uses IPs associated with spam, malware, or attacks

The other modules

Sources